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myasthenia gravis
Myasthenia gravis (from Greek μύς "muscle", "weakness", and (ラテン語:gravis) "serious"; abbreviated MG) is a neuromuscular disease that leads to fluctuating muscle weakness and fatigue. In the most common cases, muscle weakness is caused by circulating antibodies that block acetylcholine receptors at the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction, inhibiting the excitatory effects of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine on nicotinic receptors at neuromuscular junctions. Alternatively, in a much rarer form, muscle weakness is caused by a genetic defect in some portion of the neuromuscular junction that is inherited at birth as opposed to developing through passive transmission from the mother's immune system at birth or through autoimmunity later in life.
Myasthenia is treated with medications such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors or immunosuppressants, and, in selected cases, thymectomy (surgical removal of the thymus gland). The disease is diagnosed in 3 to 30 people per million per year.〔 Diagnosis is becoming more common due to increased awareness.
==Signs and symptoms==
The initial, main symptom in MG is painless weakness of specific muscles, not fatigue. The muscle weakness becomes progressively worse during periods of physical activity, and improves after periods of rest. Typically, the weakness and fatigue are worse towards the end of the day. MG generally starts with ocular (eye) weakness; it might then progress to a more severe generalized form, characterized by weakness in the extremities or while performing basic life functions.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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